写出过去式 第三人称单数形式和加ing形式的规则

写出过去式 第三人称单数形式和加ing形式的规则
写出过去式 第三人称单数形式和加ing形式的规则

写出过去式 第三人称单数形式和加ing形式的规则
这段时间,在讲解第三人称单数形式时,我常常跟学生提到,第三人称单数形式的变化规律一般跟复数一般变化规律相似,基本情况下加-s.但是一次课堂上我问到,动词以-ch结尾时,它的第三人称单数是什么,不少同学回答是加-es,我又让他们举个例子,有学生给我举了：peaches,我突然间觉得,教学中有失误,学生将名词的复数形式和动词的第三人称单数形式混淆了.既然提到,就有必要跟学生讲清楚,帮助他们做一个比较.
首先,我帮助他们理解了两种不同的词性.为什么叫复数?显然是不只一个.什么东西可以一个一个地数呢?物品类.物品通常指名词,所以,我告诉学生：复数是属于名词的.而动词第三人称单数形式,顾名思义是属于动词的.什么是动词,就是有动态的意思的,包括外在变化和心里变化的.明白了他们各自的所属性,再对这两种变化规律作一个比较.
名词复数形式和动词第三人称单数形式性质上截然不同,但它们在构成方式上有异也有同.试比较如下：
一、构成方式的相同点
1.两者一般在词尾加-s清辅音后读作,浊辅音和元音后读作[z].如：
名词复数：bed(beds), tree(trees),
动词第三称单数：help(helps), play(plays)
2.两者以s ,x ,ch ,sh结尾的词,在词尾加-es,原词尾已有e,一般只加-s都读作[iz].如：
名词复数：box(boxes), orange(oranges)
动词第三人称单数：wash(washes), close(closes)
3.以辅音字母加-y结尾的词,先变y为i,再加-es,读作[iz].如：
名词复数：factory(factories), baby(babies)
动词第三人称单数：fly(flies), study(studies)
二、构成方式的不同点
1.名词方面
（1）有些名词的单、复数形式相同.
如：sheep(sheep), Chinese(Chinese)
（2）有些名词的复数形式是特殊的,不规则的.
如：man(men),child(children)
（3）以o结尾的名词,有的加s,也有的加es.
如：radio(radios), photo(photos),tomato(tomatoes)
（4）以fe结尾的先变f(e)为v,再加es.
如：knife(knives),leaf(leaves)
2.第三人称单数形式方面
（1）以o结尾的动词加es.如：go(goes), do(does)
（2）不规则的.如：have(has)

规则动词的过去式变化如下：
一般情况下，动词词尾加 -ed ，如：
worked played wanted acted
以不发音的 -e 结尾动词，动词词尾加 -d，如： lived moved decided declined hoped judged raised wiped
以辅音字母 + y结尾的动词，把-y变为-i 再加-ed，如：
s...

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规则动词的过去式变化如下：
一般情况下，动词词尾加 -ed ，如：
worked played wanted acted
以不发音的 -e 结尾动词，动词词尾加 -d，如： lived moved decided declined hoped judged raised wiped
以辅音字母 + y结尾的动词，把-y变为-i 再加-ed，如：
studied tried copied justified cried carried embodied emptied 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写词尾辅音字母，再加 -ed，如： stopped begged fretted dragged dropped planned dotted dripped 注：不规则动词的过去式变化规律性不强，须多加记忆。
go - went make - made get - got buy - bought come - came fly-flew
动词过去式,过去分词不规则变化
AB型
can could shall should
will would may might
AAA型
cost cost cost
cut cut cut
hit hit hit
hurt hurt hurt
let let let
must must must
put put put
set set set
shut shut shut
read read read
AAB型
beat beat beaten
ABA型
become became become
come came come
run ran run
ABB型
bring brought brought
buy bought bought
think thought thought
catch caught caught
teach taught taught
build built built
lend lent lent
send sent sent
spend spent spent
dig dug dug
hang hung hung
feel felt felt
keep kept kept
sleep slept slept
sweep swept swept
leave left left
smell smelt smelt
spill spilt spilt
lay laid laid
pay paid paid
say said said
sell sold sold
tell told told
sit sat sat
spit spat spat
stand stood stood
understand understood understood
learn learnt learnt
mean meant meant
spoil spoilt spoilt
shine shone shone
win won won
have had had
make made made
hear heard heard
find found found
hold held held
ABC型
begin began begun
drink drank drunk
ring rang rung
sing sang sung
sink sank sunk
swim swam swum
blow blew blown
fly flew flown
grow grew grown
know knew known
throw threw thrown
draw drew drawn
show showed shown
break broke broken
choose chose chosen
forget forgot forgotten
freeze froze frozen
speak spoke spoken
wake woke woken
drive drove driven
eat ate eaten
fall fell fallen
give gave given
hide hid hidden
ride rode ridden
rise rose risen
take took taken
mistake mistook mistaken
write wrote written
am,is was been
are were been
do did done
go went gone
lie lay lain
see saw seen
wear wore worn
易错型
show showed shown
draw drew drawn
fall fell fallen
feel felt felt
hold held held
help helped helped
think thought thought
thank thanked thanked
take took taken
talk talked talked
get got got
forget forgot forgotten
meet met met
mean meant meant
hit hit hit
hide hid hidden
ring rang rung
bring brought brought
eat ate eaten
beat beat beaten
lie lay lain
lay laid laid
find found found
found founded founded
buy bought bought
bring brought brought
learn learnt learnt
hear heard heard
一、动词第三人称单数的变化规则及发音规律
动词原形变第三人称单数的规则与发音规律同名词单数变复数大致相同，请认真观察。
1、大多数动词在词尾加“S”在清辅音后发音为[s]，在浊辅音及元音后发音为 [z]。如：
①stop－stops [s] ; make－makes [s]
②read－reads [z] ; play－plays [z]
2、以辅音字母加“y”结尾的，要先将“y”变为“i”，然后在加“es”读[iz] 如：
fly－flies [z]； carry－carries [z]
study－studies [z]; worry－worries
3、以“s, x, ch, sh”结尾的，在词尾加“es”，发音为[iz] 如：
teach－teaches [iz]; watch－watches [iz]
4、以“o”结尾的动词，加“es”，读[z] 如：
go－goes [z] do－does [z]
下面几个动词变为单数时，原词的元音部分的发音发生了较大的变化，请注意记忆。 如：
1、do [du:]－does [dz]
2、say [sei]－says [sez]
以不发音字母“e”结尾的开音节词，如果尾音是[s]，[z]时，加“s”后字母“e”发音， 与所加“s”
一起读做[iz]。 如：
close－closes [iz]
二、对比词形变化中原词词尾变化之异同： 变“y”为“”现象 双写最后辅音字母现象
例词：
①baby－babies
②carry－carries
③study－studying
现在分词一律由动词原形加-ing构成，规则如下表：

词尾变化 举例:
1.一般加-ing Look---looking, try---trying
(1) 以不发音的e结尾的词，去掉e，再加-ing Write---writing, dance---dancing
(2) 以一个辅音字母（x除外）词尾的重读闭音节词，先双写词尾的辅音字母，再加-ing Begin---beginning, swim---swimming,
Run---running, sit---sitting
(3) 以-ie结尾的词，变ie为y，再加-ing Die---dying, lie---lying

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规则动词的过去式变化如下：
一般情况下，动词词尾加 -ed ，如：
worked played wanted acted
以不发音的 -e 结尾动词，动词词尾加 -d，如： lived moved decided declined hoped judged raised wiped
以辅音字母 + y结尾的动词，把-y变为-i 再加-ed，如：
s...

全部展开

规则动词的过去式变化如下：
一般情况下，动词词尾加 -ed ，如：
worked played wanted acted
以不发音的 -e 结尾动词，动词词尾加 -d，如： lived moved decided declined hoped judged raised wiped
以辅音字母 + y结尾的动词，把-y变为-i 再加-ed，如：
studied tried copied justified cried carried embodied emptied 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写词尾辅音字母，再加 -ed，如： stopped begged fretted dragged dropped planned dotted dripped 注：不规则动词的过去式变化规律性不强，须多加记忆。
go - went make - made get - got buy - bought come - came fly-flew
动词过去式,过去分词不规则变化
AB型
can could shall should
will would may might
AAA型
cost cost cost
cut cut cut
hit hit hit
hurt hurt hurt
let let let
must must must
put put put
set set set
shut shut shut
read read read
AAB型
beat beat beaten
ABA型
become became become
come came come
run ran run
ABB型
bring brought brought
buy bought bought
think thought thought
catch caught caught
teach taught taught
build built built
lend lent lent
send sent sent
spend spent spent
dig dug dug
hang hung hung
feel felt felt
keep kept kept
sleep slept slept
sweep swept swept
leave left left
smell smelt smelt
spill spilt spilt
lay laid laid
pay paid paid
say said said
sell sold sold
tell told told
sit sat sat
spit spat spat
stand stood stood
understand understood understood
learn learnt learnt
mean meant meant
spoil spoilt spoilt
shine shone shone
win won won
have had had
make made made
hear heard heard
find found found
hold held held
ABC型
begin began begun
drink drank drunk
ring rang rung
sing sang sung
sink sank sunk
swim swam swum
blow blew blown
fly flew flown
grow grew grown
know knew known
throw threw thrown
draw drew drawn
show showed shown
break broke broken
choose chose chosen
forget forgot forgotten
freeze froze frozen
speak spoke spoken
wake woke woken
drive drove driven
eat ate eaten
fall fell fallen
give gave given
hide hid hidden
ride rode ridden
rise rose risen
take took taken
mistake mistook mistaken
write wrote written
am,is was been
are were been
do did done
go went gone
lie lay lain
see saw seen
wear wore worn
易错型
show showed shown
draw drew drawn
fall fell fallen
feel felt felt
hold held held
help helped helped
think thought thought
thank thanked thanked
take took taken
talk talked talked
get got got
forget forgot forgotten
meet met met
mean meant meant
hit hit hit
hide hid hidden
ring rang rung
bring brought brought
eat ate eaten
beat beat beaten
lie lay lain
lay laid laid
find found found
found founded founded
buy bought bought
bring brought brought
learn learnt learnt
hear heard heard
一、动词第三人称单数的变化规则及发音规律
动词原形变第三人称单数的规则与发音规律同名词单数变复数大致相同，请认真观察。
1、大多数动词在词尾加“S”在清辅音后发音为[s]，在浊辅音及元音后发音为 [z]。如：
①stop－stops [s] ; make－makes [s]
②read－reads [z] ; play－plays [z]
2、以辅音字母加“y”结尾的，要先将“y”变为“i”，然后在加“es”读[iz] 如：
fly－flies [z]； carry－carries [z]
study－studies [z]; worry－worries
3、以“s, x, ch, sh”结尾的，在词尾加“es”，发音为[iz] 如：
teach－teaches [iz]; watch－watches [iz]
4、以“o”结尾的动词，加“es”，读[z] 如：
go－goes [z] do－does [z]
下面几个动词变为单数时，原词的元音部分的发音发生了较大的变化，请注意记忆。 如：
1、do [du:]－does [dz]
2、say [sei]－says [sez]
以不发音字母“e”结尾的开音节词，如果尾音是[s]，[z]时，加“s”后字母“e”发音， 与所加“s”
一起读做[iz]。 如：
close－closes [iz]
二、对比词形变化中原词词尾变化之异同： 变“y”为“”现象 双写最后辅音字母现象
例词：
①baby－babies
②carry－carries
③study－studying
现在分词一律由动词原形加-ing构成，规则如下表：

词尾变化 举例:
1.一般加-ing Look---looking, try---trying
(1) 以不发音的e结尾的词，去掉e，再加-ing Write---writing, dance---dancing
(2) 以一个辅音字母（x除外）词尾的重读闭音节词，先双写词尾的辅音字母，再加-ing Begin---beginning, swim---swimming,
Run---running, sit---sitting
(3) 以-ie结尾的词，变ie为y，再加-ing Die---dying, lie---lying

收起

bring