英语翻译From the mid-1970s,the OECD was to play an important role in the dissemination of these policies.In particular,it contrasted active policies and passive policies,or guaranteed incomes (essentially the payment of unemployment benefits and

英语翻译From the mid-1970s,the OECD was to play an important role in the dissemination of these policies.In particular,it contrasted active policies and passive policies,or guaranteed incomes (essentially the payment of unemployment benefits and
英语翻译
From the mid-1970s,the OECD was to play an important role in the dissemination of these policies.In particular,it contrasted active policies and passive policies,or guaranteed incomes (essentially the payment of unemployment benefits and early retirement),arguing that the active should prevail over the passive (Barbier and Gauti ,1998).The words active,activation and activity of course have positive connotations,but they inevitably bring to mind their antonyms,passive and passivity,which thus acquire a negative connotation.Since the word active is now part of the social vocabulary,the term passive can also quite naturally be included.This means that the two categories of measures can be contrasted!those relating to activity and work,which will of course be fostered,and those relating to passivity,in other words unemployment which are to be minimised.The criticism often made of this typology disseminated by the OECD is not so much that it promotes what are defined as active meas-ures,hut that it discredits what are known as passive measures.The opposition between active and passive policies falls more within an ideological register rather than serving to characterise the policies implemented by different countries.Indeed,a recent study carried out within the framework of the IRES shows that among the global means mobilised in favour of employment,the countries with the highest volume of active expenditures also have the highest volume of passive expenditures.On the contrary,low active employment expenditures lead to low passive expenditures (Lefresne and Tuchsz-irer,2003).

英语翻译From the mid-1970s,the OECD was to play an important role in the dissemination of these policies.In particular,it contrasted active policies and passive policies,or guaranteed incomes (essentially the payment of unemployment benefits and
从70年代中期,经合组织正在发挥重要作用,在传播这些政策.尤其是,它contrasted积极的政策和被动的政策,或者保证的收入(主要为支付失业津贴和提前退休),它认为,应积极战胜消极(barbier和gauti,1998年).加上活跃,激活和活动,当然有正面的内涵,但也不可避免地使人们想起他们的反义词,静态和被动的,因而取得了负面的涵义.既然这两个字活跃,现已成为社会的词汇 名词被动也很自然地被included.this意味着两类措施,可以对比!那些与活动和工作,这当然会得到增强,和那些与被动,换言之,失业是被看轻.批评常常用这类型的传播经合组织与其说是它推广有哪些 界定为活跃meas-ures,屋外,它败坏被称为被动measures.the反对派之间主动和被动的政策范围内更多的 思想登记,而非全心全意地表现所实行的政策不同国家.的确,最近进行的一项研究的框架内ires显示,在全球性的手段动员赞成 就业率最高的国家数量的活跃支出也最高的商品被动的支出.恰好相反,低积极就业支出导致低的被动性支出(lefresne和tuchsz-irer,2003年).