作业帮艾滋病毒侵染T细胞时的全过程是怎样的?
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艾滋病毒侵染T细胞时的全过程是怎样的?
艾滋病毒侵染T细胞时的全过程是怎样的?
艾滋病毒侵染T细胞时的全过程是怎样的?
The term viral tropism refers to which cell types HIV infects. HIV can
infect a variety of immune cells such as CD4+ T cells, macrophages,
and microglial cells. HIV-1 entry to macrophages and CD4+ T cells is
mediated through interaction of the virion envelope glycoproteins
(gp120) with the CD4 molecule on the target cells and also with
chemokine coreceptors.[87]
Macrophage (M-tropic) strains of HIV-1, or non-syncitia-inducing
strains (NSI) use the β-chemokine receptor CCR5 for entry and are,
thus, able to replicate in macrophages and CD4+ T cells.[94] This CCR5
coreceptor is used by almost all primary HIV-1 isolates regardless of
viral genetic subtype. Indeed, macrophages play a key role in several
critical aspects of HIV infection. They appear to be the first cells
infected by HIV and perhaps the source of HIV production when CD4+
cells become depleted in the patient. Macrophages and microglial cells
are the cells infected by HIV in the central nervous system. In tonsils
and adenoids of HIV-infected patients, macrophages fuse into
multinucleated giant cells that produce huge amounts of virus.
如果蛋白质外壳（衣壳）在侵染时没有进入了宿主细胞，逆转录酶在其衣壳内，HIV是具有囊膜的病毒，而具囊膜病毒是整个病毒颗粒，即脂质的囊膜和细胞膜